Activated & Mesoporous Carbon For Energy Storage & Batteries

Activated carbon is a graphitic microcrystalline carbon material with rich pore structure, which is mostly used in energy storage, sewage treatment, hydrogen storage, etc. In the field of supercapacitors, activated carbon is used as an electrode material due to its abundant raw materials, low price, simple synthesis process, and large specific surface area. Mesoporous carbon is a new class of non-silicon-based mesoporous materials with huge surface area and pore volume. Compared with activated carbon, mesoporous carbon materials have more regular pore distribution. For mesoporous carbon with regular and ordered pores, electrolyte ions can move freely in the pores. Such movement weakens the capacitor dispersion effect, so that the capacitor has strong charging and discharging capacity, and shows excellent electrochemical capacitance performance. It can be seen that both activated and mesoporous carbon have the advantages of high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and good electrochemical stability, and are widely used in the field of supercapacitors.

Figure 1. Pore structure micrographs of activated and mesoporous carbon

Applications:

Electrode material: Supercapacitors store charge mainly by generating electric double layers or Faraday pseudocapacitance, and have higher power density, more charging and discharging times, faster charging rate, higher specific capacitance than conventional capacitors. Electrode materials are the core components of supercapacitors. Activated carbon has a simple preparation process, excellent chemical stability, good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, and can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Moreover, doping N, P, S, O and other atoms on the activated carbon framework can make the carbon surface more polar, thereby improving the conductivity and overall capacitance of the supercapacitor. Mesoporous carbon has a more uniformly distributed pore structure than activated carbon, which enables electrodes prepared from mesoporous carbon to have good capacitive performance under high current discharge conditions. Mesoporous carbon material is an excellent electrode material for electric double layer supercapacitors.

Reference

Yong-gang Wang, Yong-yao Xia. A new concept hybrid electrochemical surpercapacitor: Carbon/LiMn₂O₄ aqueous system [J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2005, 7, 1138-1142.

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